Globalization and concentration in Brazil’s agri-food system
This article analyzes the structural transformation of Brazil’s agri-food system over the past two decades, driven by globalization, commodity booms, and economic liberalization policies such as the Real Plan. It explores how mergers, acquisitions, and the rise of large agribusiness groups—such as BRF and JBS—have reshaped the food industry, with significant impacts on market concentration, rural labor, and smallholder farmers. Using CR4 and CR8 indices, the article highlights fluctuating levels of industrial concentration and the growing influence of cooperatives. While large corporations have benefited from economies of scale and global integration, the article also discusses critical consequences for rural communities and consumer markets, underscoring the need for ongoing scrutiny of power dynamics within the food supply chain.
Area of focus: Coffee
Organisation/institution: Monitor